What is the purpose of a transformer?

The purpose of a transformer is fundamentally linked to its ability to change the voltage level in an electrical circuit. Transformers operate on the principle of electromagnetic induction and are used to either step up (increase) or step down (decrease) voltage levels. This is essential in power distribution systems, as it allows for efficient transmission of electricity over long distances. By adjusting the voltage levels, transformers help manage the electrical load and ensure the appropriate voltage is delivered to residential, commercial, and industrial consumers.

For instance, high voltage levels are used for efficient long-distance transmission to minimize energy loss due to resistance in wires. When the electricity reaches its destination, transformers reduce the voltage to safer levels for end-use. This process is crucial to maintaining the efficiency and safety of electrical systems.

The other choices involve different electrical functionalities that do not pertain to the primary role of a transformer. While amplifying a signal, converting AC to DC, and storing electrical energy are important processes in electrical engineering, they represent distinct operations typically handled by other devices or systems rather than transformers.