What is the difference between series and parallel circuits?

The distinction between series and parallel circuits fundamentally lies in the way components are connected. In a series circuit, components are connected end-to-end in a single path, meaning that the current flows through each component sequentially. If one component in a series circuit fails, it breaks the entire circuit, causing all components to lose current.

On the other hand, in a parallel circuit, components are connected across common points or branches. This design allows current to flow through multiple paths simultaneously. If one component fails in a parallel circuit, the current can still flow through the other branches, allowing the rest of the circuit to function.

This foundational understanding of how the components are arranged and how current travels through each type of circuit supports why option B clearly captures the essence of the differences between series and parallel circuits.